Mednarodna zveza za spomin na holokavst (IHRA) povezuje vlade in strokovnjake, da bi po svetu krepili, širili in spodbujali ozaveščanje o holokavstu, ohranjanje spomina nanj in njegovo raziskovanje ter zagotovili izpolnjevanje zavez iz Stockholmske deklaracije iz leta 2000.
Pravno nezavezujočo delovno definicijo antisemitizma je 26. maja 2016 sprejelo 31 držav članic Mednarodne zveze za spomin na holokavst. Vlada Republike Slovenije je pravno nezavezujočo delovno definicijo antisemitizma (brez dodatnih interpretacij in ponazoritvenih primerov) sprejela 20. decembra 2018.
“Antisemitizem je obravnavanje Judov, ki se lahko izraža kot sovraštvo proti Judom. Retorične in fizične oblike antisemitizma so naperjene proti judovskim ali nejudovskim posameznikom in/ali njihovi lastnini ter proti ustanovam in verskim objektom judovske skupnosti.”
Kot smernice pri delu so lahko Mednarodnemu zavezništvu v pomoč naslednji ponazoritveni primeri:
Antisemitsko izražanje je lahko usmerjeno proti izraelski državi, ki se dojema kot judovska skupnost. Kritiziranja Izraela na podoben način, kot se kritizirajo druge države, pa ni mogoče označiti za antisemitsko vedenje. Antisemitizem Jude pogosto obtožuje želje po škodovanju človeštvu in velikokrat zvrača krivdo na Jude, ko »gredo stvari narobe«. Izraža se v govoru, pisanju, vizualni obliki in dejanjih ter se opira na škodljive stereotipe in negativne osebnostne značilnosti.
Ob upoštevanju splošnega okvira lahko sodobni primeri antisemitizma v javnem življenju, medijih, šolah, delovnem in verskem okolju med drugim vključujejo:
Antisemitska dejanja so kazniva, če so kot taka opredeljena v zakonodaji (v nekaterih državah je na primer kaznivo dejanje zanikanje holokavsta ali širjenje antisemitskega gradiva).
Kazniva dejanja so antisemitska, če so bile za tarče napadov izbrane osebe ali lastnina (npr. stavbe, šole, verski objekti in pokopališča), ki so v lasti Judov ali povezane z njimi.
Antisemitizem je oblika diskriminacije, ki Judom odreka priložnosti in storitve, dostopne drugim posameznikom, in v marsikateri državi je nezakonit.
The IHRA is the only intergovernmental organization mandated to focus solely on Holocaust-related issues. With evidence that the scourge of antisemitism was once again on the rise, we resolved to take a leading role in combating it.
Combating antisemitism requires international cooperation among experts, governments, and civil society, which meant a mutual starting point for discussion and action was needed. Following the example of the working definition of Holocaust denial and distortion (2013), the IHRA’s experts set out to adopt a similar tool to help guide the organization’s work on combating antisemitism.
The experts in the IHRA’s Committee on Antisemitism and Holocaust Denial built international consensus around a non-legally binding working definition of antisemitism, which was then adopted by the Plenary, the IHRA’s decision-making body made up of representatives from all IHRA Member Countries. By doing so, the IHRA provided an important practical tool for its Member Countries.
The working definition of antisemitism has brought the issue once more to the attention of leaders around the world, making them aware that much work still needs to be done to address antisemitism, which is deeply rooted in our societies.
As a result, countries and organizations have developed national and regional strategies to counter antisemitism, and have appointed Special Envoys and other advisors on the issue. The working definition has helped educate and sensitize administrations, politicians, judges, police, teachers, media, and civil society.
Its broad international implementation has allowed monitoring organizations to better track antisemitism across borders, and has provided researchers and civil society organizations with a way to better moderate content online, including by training AI tools.
The working definition has empowered many to address this rise in hate and discrimination at their national levels. Information on endorsement and adoption of the IHRA working definition of antisemitism by UN member states and some international organizations can be found here.
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